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Using the BLAST protein-protein comparison tool, I was wondering the reasoning behind comparing an unknown sequence specifically to non-redundant sequences, as opposed to both non-redundant and redundant sequences or another database (i.e nr database vs refseq_protein or swissprot).

The purpose of the comparison is to find information about the structure and function of an unknown protein, given only its primary structure.

http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=bl...

I've found descriptions of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia; however, I can't find any clear answer to what falls under the scope of "opioid".

Essentially, does opioid (in this context, at least) cover: only synthetic, opiate-like substances; synthetic and natural opiates/opiate-likes; or all non-opiate analgesics?

Basically, got a multiple choice question I can't work out the answer to. I'm sure leukotrienes are inactivated by mitochondrial enzymes and they interact with lipoxin receptors, but I thought they had a part in a leukotaxis too.

A - Zinc ions

B - Sodium ions

C - Calcium ions

D - Chloride ions

E - Magnesium ions

I can't seem to find a clear answer anywhere; I found that Mg2+ does affect the activity of the receptor, but I can't find if it's an allosteric modulator.

Basically, how many ATP are produced by the electron transport chain from NADH/FADH2 reducing equivalents produced by the TCA cycle?

I've seen from other sources give figures at about 2-3 ATP per NADH and 1-2 ATP per FADH2. However, since each molecule of glucose will produce 6NADH + 2FADH2, this wouldn't appear to account for the full theoretical yield of 38 ATP per glucose molecule (including the net 2 ATP from glycolysis this would account for up to 24 ATP).

From what I'm finding from my material, insulin increases the activity of LPL. However, I thought LPL broke down fats into glycerol and fatty acids, which I would have thought was something that would occur during hypoglycaemia, which I would think would involve glucagon instead of insulin.

y=((x-1)^2)/(x-2)

I differentiated this to get on the top (x-1)(2x-5) and on the bottom (x-2)^2

However, the answers say that it should be (x-1)(x-3) on top. Can someone please explain how to get to this answer?

"A circular ripple in a pond is expanding.

The area of the circle is increasing at a rate of 50cm^2 per second.

a) Use the formula for the area A, and the circumference C, of a circle to show that A=C^2/4(pi)

(2 marks)

b) Hence, find the rate at which the circumference is increasing at the instant when the radius is 10cm

(5 marks)

dx/(2x-x^2)^(1/2). Substitution x=1-sint

Apparently the bottom part should become -cost but I can't get this.